Source Localization using Majorization-Minimization (MM) method based on Frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) and Time difference of arrival (TDOA)

In this paper, the problem of source localization using the frequency difference of arrival and time difference of arrival of a signal received at multiple receivers is investigated. Firstly, problem is derived by calculating maximum likelihood estimate of the data model. Then, the principle of the majorization-minimization is used to solve the problem. The obtained algorithm is iterative and provides a solution with guaranteed convergence. The estimator accuracy for the position of source is shown to attain the Cramér–Rao lower bound under Gaussian noise assumption for Frequency Difference of Arrival and Time Difference of Arrival measurements. Simulations are included to show the performance of algorithm and is compared with the Two stage weighted least squares method.