Dual Directional Beam Generation and Scanning in Time-Modulated Antenna Arrays at Harmonic Frequencies

This paper presents a technique for beamforming and scanning in time-modulated linear antenna arrays (TMLAAs) using sideband patterns. By employing asymmetric timing schemes, cost-effective beam scanning across multiple angles is achieved. The approach controls element groups to shift the phase center unidirectionally, enabling full scanning coverage while preserving the main beam. Additionally, this method enhances secure single-channel communication by reducing sideband levels through element grouping. A detailed study on a 20-element linear array validates the effectiveness of the technique, demonstrating its potential for efficient and secure beamforming in wireless networks.