Enhanced Target Localization Using Time Difference of Arrival with Multiple Sensors

This study explores the application of Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)-based localization to enhance target detection accuracy using varied sensor configurations. A dual-sensor system achieves an average localization error more as compared to four sensors significantly due to the hyperbolas traced. Optimized sensor placements, such as triangular or trapezoidal formations, further improve precision more as compared to random arrangements. Quasi-Newton optimization technique is used to track moving target such as ground based high speed armored vehicles. Additionally, sensors placed at higher altitudes in similar arrangement have wider application in tracking ground-based as well as space objects effectively. Such advancements play a crucial role in promoting sustainable innovations within space science including efficient sensor networks for planetary exploration, debris monitoring, and low-resource operations, contributing to the broader objectives of sustainable space technology.