Electrostatic Interaction-Dominated Bio-Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Breath-Activated Ammonia Sensors

Le veraging gas-sensitive chitosan-iodic acid (CS-IA) aerogel and electrostatic interaction enhancement, we develop a novel bio-triboelectric nanogenerator (Bio-TENG) sensor integrated into a protective mask for self-powered ammonia monitoring. The sensor achieves a detection limit of 10 ppm with excellent recoverability, facilitating real-time respiratory gas analysis. Experimental results reveal that the CS-TENG exhibits a significant increase in peak-to-peak voltage from 160 V to 330 V at an 80 ppm ammonia concentration, with a response time of 648 s and a recovery time of 180 s. In addition, machine learning using a support vector machine successfully classifies the electrical signals with 100% accuracy. These outcomes demonstrate the sensor's high sensitivity, stability, and reliability, underscoring its potential for next-generation environmental and industrial safety applications overall performance.