Dynamic Resource Allocation for Dual-Side STAR-RIS in Multi-Cell NOMA Networks

Reflecting Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) can enhance wireless communication by intelligently reconfiguring the signal propagation environment. However, conventional RIS is limited in coverage and adaptability, as it only reflects signals within a restricted region. To overcome this, Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (STAR-RIS) enable full-space coverage by supporting both transmission and reflection. Existing studies on STAR-RIS mainly consider single-cell scenarios with fixed element allocation, limiting their adaptability in multi-cell environments. This work proposes a dual-side STAR-RIS architecture that dynamically allocates elements between adjacent cells, enhancing intra-cell communication through reflection while mitigating inter-cell interference via transmission. By integrating Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and irregular element allocation schemes, the proposed approach significantly improves the sum rate, making it a promising solution for future wireless networks.