Hierarchical and Domain-Partitioned Coordinated Control Method for Large-Scale Fuel Cell/Battery Cluster Hybrid Power Electric Multiple Units

To address the difficulty faced by traditional energy management methods in balancing system operation economy and durability when controlling large-scale cluster systems, as well as challenges such as poor power source consistency, this paper proposes a hierarchical and domain-partitioned coordinated control method (HDP-CCM) for electric multiple units. The proposed method consists of two orthogonal dimensions. The domain partitioning mechanism in the horizontal dimension divided power sources with relatively large performance differences into multiple relatively independent logical control domains. The vertical dimension decouples the output power of the fuel cell and the battery system through a system-domain-module level hierarchical architecture, and controls the power output of each domain and the power sources within the domain based on the domain partition results to achieve active consistency management of power source performance and the system’s economic optimization. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. Results demonstrate that compared to the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) and the hierarchical-only coordinated control method (H-CCM), the proposed method achieves superior performance in both economic efficiency and durability, effectively maintaining power source performance consistency. Notably, the method maintains robust performance under system fault conditions.