Comparative Analysis of Speed Control for BLDC Motors in Electric Two-Wheeler Applications

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are extensively utilized in electric vehicles (EVs) due to their superior efficiency, high reliability, and compact structure. Precise speed control is critical to maximizing performance, improving energy efficiency, and ensuring robustness under diverse operating conditions. This study investigates and compares four advanced control strategies: hysteresis current control (HCC), field-oriented control (FOC), hybrid FOC+HCC, and FOC combined with sliding mode control (FOC+SMC). HCC offers simplicity and robustness but tends to introduce torque ripple, whereas FOC provides accurate torque and flux regulation, resulting in smoother operation. The hybrid FOC+HCC method integrates the strengths of both techniques, enhancing dynamic performance and reducing ripple effects. Furthermore, the proposed FOC+SMC approach incorporates sliding mode control principles to boost system robustness significantly against uncertainties and external disturbances. All controllers are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to assess their effectiveness in speed regulation, torque ripple suppression, and load disturbance handling. The simulation outcomes offer a comprehensive comparison, addressing accuracy, transient behavior, and computational demands and providing key insights for optimizing BLDC motor control strategies in EV applications