Impact of Environmental Concern and Government Incentives on Electric Two-Wheeler Adoption in Urban Indonesia

The growing need for sustainable transportation solutions has led to the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), particularly electric two-wheelers, as an alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Despite their environmental advantages, the adoption rate of electric two-wheelers in urban areas remains lower than expected. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of electric two-wheelers in the Jabodetabek region of Indonesia, with a focus on environmental concern and government incentives. The research utilizes the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to analyze how these factors affect consumer attitudes and purchase intentions. A quantitative approach was employed, gathering data from 146 participants through an online survey. The findings reveal that environmental concern significantly influences both attitudes towards electric two-wheelers and purchase intentions, while government incentives have a notable effect on attitudes but no direct impact on purchase intentions. Additionally, purchase intention is strongly determined by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The study concludes that while environmental concern plays a pivotal role in fostering positive attitudes and intentions, government incentives alone may not be sufficient to drive adoption. These results suggest that policies aimed at enhancing consumer attitudes, alongside additional incentives, may accelerate the transition to electric two-wheelers in urban Indonesia. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in promoting sustainable transportation solutions.