Enhancing Educational Data Integrity Using Blockchain and Ontologies

The growing need for secure and transparent data management in educational institutions has brought attention to Blockchain technology. This study explores the implementation of Blockchain for educational data integrity, focusing on how decentralized ledger technologies (DLTs) and Merkle root methods enhance trust, transparency, and security in academic environments. By integrating an ontology-based framework, this research provides a structured approach to organizing and verifying digital credentials, student records, and institutional data. The ontology aids in reducing conceptual ambiguity and supports interoperability among diverse educational technologies. Through technical analysis of Blockchain components, such as Merkle trees, cryptographic hashes, and block structures, the study demonstrates how Blockchain ensures tamper-proof and verifiable data transactions. Case studies from universities applying Blockchain-Based certification further highlight the feasibility and challenges of adoption, including infrastructure readiness, stakeholder resistance, and integration with legacy systems. The findings suggest that combining Blockchain with emerging technologies like AI and cloud computing can establish a resilient, scalable, and secure educational ecosystem. This paper contributes a theoretical and practical perspective for institutions aiming to modernize academic record keeping while addressing privacy, authenticity, and long-term data sustainability.