A Comparative Study of Bio-Inspired Algorithms for K-Band Antenna Array Optimization

This work presents the implementation of Firefly Algorithm (FA), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Hybrid Grey Wolf - Whale Optimization Algorithm (GWO -WOA), Self-adaptive differential evolution (SADE), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for optimization of a K band antenna array. Because the design system optimizes impedance matching of all the array elements simultaneously, while maximizing radiation performance, it achieves a larger gain magnitude with wider bandwidth performance. The algorithms define both the arrangement of elements and the physical dimensions, which yield the best impedance characteristics, and adapt their process accordingly. The simulation results have made it possible to understand the performance of the antenna and confirm its practical applications in satellite communication, 5G/6G networks and radar systems and remote sensing and IoT technology, and aerospace fields. This work validates that the presented design workflow can handle complex antenna design constraints with multiple objectives exceptionally.