Jamming Detection and Channel Estimation for Spatially Correlated Beamspace Massive MIMO

In this paper, we investigate the problem of jamming detection and channel estimation during multi-user uplink beam training under random pilot jamming attacks in beamspace massive multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems. For jamming detection, we distinguish the signals from the jammer and the user by projecting the observation signals onto the pilot space. By using the multiple projected observation vectors corresponding to the unused pilots, we propose a jamming detection scheme based on the locally most powerful test (LMPT) for systems with general channel conditions. Analytical expressions for the probability of detection and false alarms are derived using the second-order statistics and likelihood functions of the projected observation vectors. For the detected jammer along with users, we propose a two-step minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation using the projected observation vectors. As a part of the channel estimation, we develop schemes to estimate the norm and the phase of the inner-product of the legitimate pilot vector and the random jamming pilot vector, which can be obtained using linear MMSE estimation and a bilinear form of the multiple projected observation vectors. From simulations under different system parameters, we observe that the proposed scheme improves the detection probability by more than 25% compared to the baseline at medium-to-high channel correlation level. In addition, the proposed scheme effectively supports zero-forcing precoding, thus enabling reliable data transmission in jamming scenarios, specifically, achieving a symbol error rate (SER) of less than 10⁻³ at a jamming-to-signal ratio of 10 dB and a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 dB.