An Evolutionary Game Approach to Multi-Technology Synergy in Logistics Information Sharing for Smart Supply Chains

Logistics information sharing plays a pivotal role in fostering efficient collaboration within the smart supply chain. With the deepening integration of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), inter-enterprise information sharing strategies exhibit novel and dynamic evolutionary patterns. From the perspective of multi-technology collaboration, this paper develops a novel evolutionary game model between manufacturers and logistics service providers. Digital maturity is employed as a comprehensive evaluation index for technology integration. Four technological dimensions—synergy amplification, cost reduction, risk mitigation, and capability enhancement—are introduced as parameters to characterize the synergy effects of technologies. Through dynamic analysis of the model, we obtain the following findings: First, there exists a critical threshold of digital maturity in the strategic evolution of both players. When the overall digital maturity surpasses this threshold, the system shifts from a non-cooperative monostable equilibrium to a bistable equilibrium, where both information sharing and non-sharing coexist. Second, the technological parameters exhibit differentiated synergy effects. Specifically, synergy amplification and capability enhancement demonstrate a multiplier effect that significantly lowers the threshold, whereas cost reduction and risk mitigation exert influence through linear synergy. Third, sensitivity analysis reveals that technological input positively influences cooperative strategies. However, inputs associated with synergy amplification and capability enhancement are subject to diminishing marginal returns. Finally, numerical simulations validate the analytical results and further suggest that phased technological investments and cross-technology collaboration are optimal strategies for promoting information sharing and fostering sustainable cooperation within the supply chain.