Improving the Lifetime of UWSN Using Hybrid PSO-EULC Algorithm

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are commonly used for data transmission underwater, detecting volcanic movements, and detecting water pollution. A UWSN is made up of acoustic sensors powered by batteries. Replacement of these batteries is complicated because of the complex underwater conditions of UWSNs. One strategy for fixing this issue is to extend the lifetime of UWSNs by decreasing the energy they spend and enhancing their energy usage. This research proposes a set of rules based on Energy-balanced unequal layering clustering (EULC) and PSO (Particle swarm optimization) that enhances the performance of the lifetime of UWSNs. The proposed hybrid PSO-EULC combination produces UWSNs with different layering based entirely on node depth, with Cluster head (CH) nodes chosen using the PSO cost function. The hybrid PSO-EULC combination successfully balances the energy used in UWSN nodes, thus extending sensor node lifetime, packet transmission cost, and network lifetime. The results are compared with Energy Efficient Unequal Multilevel Clustering (EEUMC), Energy-balanced reliable and effective clustering (EBREC), and LEACH with parameters such as residual energy, dead nodes, and total packets received at different initial power levels of 1J,0.5J for 6400 bits, and 4000 bits of data transmission. As per case 4 the residual energy of 44.4% improved, dead nodes 15% less, and 50.25% of received packets is achieved by comparing it with the EEUMC algorithm.