Investigation of Connector Factor in Designing a Single Element Microstrip Antenna Within the Ku-Band Spectrum

Antenna elements are crucial for forming phased-array antennas. Despite achieving optimal design and simulation conditions, discrepancies often occur between simulation results and real-world measurements. This requires further analysis of physical factors, such as mounting connectors, that were previously overlooked. Our research investigates single-element antennas to advance phased array antenna technology and enhance satellite systems at the Ku band frequency. We achieved an optimal design for a single-element microstrip antenna in the Ku band, with bandwidths of $13.17-14.97 \text{GHz}$ and $10.59-13.11 \text{GHz}$. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the physical impact of connectors in both the design and simulation phases during testing. These results serve as a preliminary step for further research on phased array antennas in the Ku band.