A Systematic Review of Smart Grid Information Systems for Integrating Renewable Energy in Urban Environments

The rapid expansion of urban populations and the pressing need for sustainable energy have emphasized the importance of integrating renewable energy into urban power systems. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method to investigate the role of smart grid information systems in supporting renewable energy integration within urban environments. A total of 65 relevant articles were analyzed to answer three research questions: (1) the impact of smart grid implementation, (2) the technologies used, and (3) the types of renewable energy supported. The findings reveal that smart grids significantly improve operational efficiency, grid reliability, and sustainability by leveraging advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, digital twins, and edge computing. Solar energy, especially photovoltaic (PV) systems, is the most widely integrated renewable energy type, often supported by IoT-based management systems. Wind, hydro, hydrogen, and other clean energy sources complement smart grid functionality. The study highlights the crucial role of digital innovation in enabling decarbonization, enhancing energy access, and guiding urban energy policy reform. Finally, future research is recommended to include multilingual sources to ensure broader inclusivity and global applicability of smart grid strategies.