Solar-Powered Arduino-Uno Automation System for Smart Watering and Lighting of Tomato Plants

This paper aims to transform the cultivation process of tomato plants by incorporating advanced automation technology. By leveraging Arduino-Uno microcontrollers and solar panels, the proposed system automates watering and lighting processes, ensuring optimal growth conditions for tomato plants. The methodology adopted Agile software development with the Scrum framework, complemented by primary data collection through calibrated soil moisture and rain sensors, and secondary data on optimal tomato growth conditions. Testing revealed a low mean error of $2.88 \%$ for soil moisture sensor accuracy and successful functionality across all six mobile application test cases, confirming reliable remote monitoring. This innovative approach not only streamlines cultivation and reduces manual labor but also promotes sustainability through solar energy and enables precision farming. The system contributes significantly to addressing challenges in manual plant care and environmental impact, offering a sustainable, efficient, and scalable solution for modern agricultural practices..