Modeling and Battery Storage Capacity Optimization of an Off-Grid Wind-Solar Hybrid Hydrogen Production System

As the global demand for sustainable energy development continues to grow, the utilization of renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar) has become crucial in the energy transition. This paper establishes a wind-solar coupled DC off-grid hydrogen production network and proposes an objective function that comprehensively considers economic benefits from hydrogen production, penalties for wind and solar curtailment, and network construction costs. Additionally, constraints such as the start-stop cycles of electrolyzers and power ramp-up/down limits are incorporated. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to optimize the battery storage capacity configuration. The results demonstrate that, under specific economic and technical conditions, the optimized system effectively reduces operational costs while enhancing system stability and economic efficiency.