Optimal Operation of Integrated Electricity and Heat Energy Systems Considering Cyber-Physical Interaction

The deep integration of cyber-physical systems presents significant challenges to the optimal dispatch of integrated energy systems (IES), particularly due to the impact of sensor failures on system observability and state awareness. To tackle this issue, the optimal dispatching approach for the integrated electricity and heat energy system (IEHS) that takes cyber-physical interaction into account is presented in this paper. Firstly, the cyber-physical interaction mechanism of IEHS scheduling is thoroughly investigated to clarify the role of measurement information at the sensing terminal layer in supporting IEHS sensing capability. By systematically integrating cyber-physical interactions, a state estimation-incorporated optimal dispatching model that significantly improve decision-making processes and enhance reliability in IEHS operations is developed. Finally, an adaptive piecewise McCormick relaxation technique is proposed to address the bilinear terms within the formulated dispatching model. As demonstrated by the case studies, the proposed model and method are able to accurately characterize the impact of observability changes and SE on IEHS scheduling. In addition, the effectiveness and practicality of the adaptive piecewise McCormick relaxation technique are further analyzed.