Techno-Economic Analysis of Electrolyser System for Low-Carbon Energy Solutions: Modelling, Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Graphical User Interface for Sustainable Hydrogen Production

There is near global acknowledgement that a shift to green energy is imminent and urgent. This paper explores the feasibility and impact of producing green hydrogen as a decentralised energy carrier through electrolysis. Countries like Singapore are exploring options of using hydrogen for electric vehicles and energy production applications. Two notable electrolysers dominate the market, namely, the Alkaline electrolyser (AEL) and the Proton Exchange Membrane water electrolyser (PEM-WE). Although both technologies have been integral to industrial hydrogen production for decades, debates persist regarding their relative advantages and shortcomings. This research study evaluates the characteristics of both types of electrolyser, focusing on operational efficiency and economic viability. To assess efficiency, the effect of varying current density, temperature, and pressure, was studied. As for cost, a Life Cycle Cost Analysis was conducted using MS Excel. Additionally, we developed a Techno-Economic Recommendation Calculator in a Graphical User Interface on MATLAB, which integrates both the efficiency and cost evaluation outcomes presented in this study. The findings indicate that PEM-WEs demonstrate superior cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency in the long term compared to their Alkaline counterparts. This study aims to provide valuable insights for stakeholders making informed decisions in the transition to a hydrogen-based economy.