A Peer-to-Peer Decentralized Smart Energy Grid

This article proposes a completely integrated decentralized energy trading system using a peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture with embedded IoT devices, real-time communication, and blockchain-based transaction validation. The proposed system makes use of ESP8266 microcontrollers, INA219 sensors, and solar-powered storage using lithium-ion batteries to enable energy sharing between smart nodes in a local microgrid. A robust backend architecture, developed using Node.js and Express.js, enables real-time data sharing using WebSocket protocols. The frontend, developed using ReactJS and Tailwind CSS, provides a responsive and dynamic user interface to track transfer progress and control device operations. All energy transactions are secured and logged through smart contracts run on a private Ethereum network via the Ethers.js library. The backend also connects blockchain operations and device state synchronization through a scalable WebSocket gateway layer. Publish-subscribe models in real-time are utilized for frontend notifications. Safety features such as low-voltage cutoff and energy monitoring provide reliable energy trades. The suggested framework demonstrates a viable method for scalable, secure, and interactive energy sharing in decentralized smart grids.