Bi-Level Game-Based Optimal Operation Method for Multi-Agent Integrated Energy Microgrid Systems

A collaborative optimal-operation framework for integrated energy microgrids and shared energy storage can significantly improve energy utilization. To address the technical challenges of distributed energy integration and cooperative scheduling of storage across multi-microgrid systems, this paper proposes a bi-level game-based optimal operation method for a multi-agent integrated energy microgrid system. First, we establish an operational framework comprising the microgrid operator, the utility gid, the shared-storage service provider, and the user aggregator, and we analyze the roles and interactions of each agent. Next, we formulate individual optimal-operation models for these four agents and characterize their strategic relationships through cooperative game theory and a Stackelberg game, proving the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution. For the solution approach, we integrate heuristic algorithms with the CPLEX solver and implement an efficient computational procedure on the MATLAB platform. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model delivers a practical solution method for optimal operation of integrated energy microgrids in the context of shared storage and confirm the effectiveness of cooperative and leader-follower game structures in reconciling the interests of multiple agents.