Hierarchical energy control strategy for hydrogen-electric hybrid power system based on Harris Hawks Optimization

To address the challenges of poor stability, high cost, and low efficiency in hydrogen-electric hybrid power systems under dynamic operating conditions, this paper proposes a hierarchical energy management strategy integrating Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy(ECMS) and Proportional Integral (PI) control. The system layer employs HHO-optimized ECMS for optimal power distribution, while the device layer utilizes PI control to maintain voltage stability. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements compared to single-layer strategies: DC bus voltage fluctuations are reduced by up to 2.64%, hydrogen consumption decreases by up to 16.61%, and energy efficiency improves by up to 5.12%. Furthermore, the proposed strategy outperforms other ECMS-PI approaches combined with alternative optimization algorithms, confirming its technical superiority.