An IoT-Controlled Solar Panel Cleaning Robot: Design and Development Using ESP8266

With the increasing global deployment of solar energy systems, the need for efficient and reliable maintenance solutions has become critical to sustain optimal energy output. A significant factor contributing to the degradation of solar panel performance is the accumulation of dust, dirt, and other environmental particulates, which necessitate regular cleaning. This study presents the design and development of a wireless, remotely controlled robotic system for automated solar panel cleaning, utilizing the ESP8266 microcontroller. The ESP8266 offers low power consumption and integrated Wi-Fi capabilities, enabling real-time remote control of the system, and ensuring adaptability across a wide range of solar installations. The proposed robotic system is designed to reduce manual labour requirements, lower operational maintenance costs, and potentially extend the operational lifespan of photovoltaic panels. Experimental validation confirms the robot’s ability to traverse solar panel surfaces inclined at 30 degrees and effectively remove surface contaminants. These results demonstrate the system’s potential to enhance overall panel efficiency by maintaining cleaner surfaces with minimal human intervention.