Integration of Robotic Approaches for Real-Time Monitoring in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeries Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic technologies are revolutionising cardiothoracic and vascular interventions by mimicking human cognition and enhancing clinical decision-making. AI-powered autonomous perfusion systems and robot-assisted surgical tools offer unprecedented precision, personalisation, and real-time adaptability, transforming patient care. In India, a developing nation, the integration of AI in healthcare requires substantial capital investment and strategic alignment with global technological advancements. This chapter explores the evolving role of AI across the surgical continuum—from diagnosis and preoperative planning through intraoperative assistance to postoperative monitoring and follow-up. Fusing imaging systems, monitoring tools, and electronic health records enables comprehensive data-driven decision-making, fostering a collaborative and responsive medical environment. Key innovations such as predictive analytics, advanced image interpretation, and data integration reshape surgical practice. However, ethical considerations, particularly concerning patient safety, remain paramount. Continuous professional development is essential for perfusionists and surgeons to effectively adopt and apply AI technologies in clinical settings.