Imaging of Data Containing Primaries and Internal Multiples Based on Adaptive Matching Filter

The presence of internal multiples significantly impacts seismic data processing, particularly in conventional imaging, where it introduces notable image artifacts. Existing methods for suppressing internal multiples primarily focus on the prestack data domain, often involving trade-offs between accuracy and computational cost. Some strategies have been proposed to mitigate image artifacts in the image domain, offering a more cost-effective solution. To address the high cost of suppressing internal multiples in the prestack data domain and eliminate the impact of artifacts in the image domain, this article investigates imaging of data containing both primaries and internal multiples using reverse time migration (RTM) based on adaptive matching filter. This study begins with a theoretical framework for RTM of data containing both primaries and internal multiples, followed by an analysis of the generation of image artifacts in the imaging process. A strategy for artifact suppression based on adaptive matching filter is then proposed. Numerical and field data examples are applied to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. This method can eliminate image artifacts in the image domain instead of high-cost suppression of internal multiples in the prestack data domain, offering significant practical advantages.