Visible Light Positioning Based on Received Signal Strength with Receiver Tilting

Prior received signal strength positioning systems require the receiver to be placed vertically with the help of inertial measurement units. However, this assumption could become impractical when the receiver is vibrating or tilting. In this work, we propose two different received signal strength positioning systems that are immune to the random tilting angle of the receiver where the first has higher accuracy for the three-dimensional cases and the second has lower complexity for the two-dimensional cases. We also derive an error expression for the mean square value of the average positioning error, revealing insights into the system design. Simulation results show that the received signal strength positioning scheme can achieve accuracy of centimeters and the derived error expression is reliable. Index Terms-visible light positioning, received signal strength