Air-to-Water Optical Wireless Communication with a Photon-Counting Receiver

In this paper, we establish an air-to-water optical wireless communication (A2W-OWC) through dynamic air-water interface, where the received signal can be characterized by discrete photons. We initially conduct numerical evaluations using Monte Carlo simulation. Subsequently, we conduct experiments in the swimming pool to observe the influence of waves on the signal and background radiation. The results verify that A2W-OWC system satisfies Poisson model. We investigate the performance improvement of adopting arrays at the transmitter and receiver.