Low-Correlation Complementary Exponential Pilot for Grant-Free Random Access in Satellite-Integrated Internet

With the advent of the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication era, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems are critical for supporting massive device connectivity. Grantfree random access (GFRA) schemes have been proposed to reduce latency and signaling overhead, but pilot collisions remain a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel low-correlation complementary exponential sequence (LCCES)-based pilot design for GFRA. By integrating generalized Boolean functions with Zadoff-Chu sequences (ZCS), LCCES achieves large-scale pilot set expansion while maintaining low cross-correlation properties. Theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate that LCCES outperforms existing pilot schemes in terms of pilot collision probability, decoding failure probability, and access failure probability.