Optimization of Six-Mode Photonic Lanterns for Mode Conversion in O-Band and toward 2 μm Wavelength Band

Six-mode photonic lantern mode converters are designed and optimized for the O-band (1260-1360 nm) and toward the 2 µm band (1700-2200 nm), respectively. Simulation results show that both designs achieve high mode conversion efficiency, low crosstalk, and low insertion loss.