Flexibility Aggregation and Power Disaggregation of Distributed Shared Energy Storage for Coordinating Virtual Power Plant in Regulation Market

The integration of renewable energy sources into power systems introduces operational challenges that can be efficiently managed through grid company-led virtual power plants (VPPs), which coordinate multiple distributed resource aggregators. To enhance VPPs' short-term flexibility, demand-side distributed storage units can be aggregated by an energy storage aggregator (ESA) to provide leasing services of shared capacity. Given this background, an integrated framework for flexibility aggregation and power disaggregation of distributed shared energy storage (DSES) units to coordinate VPPs in the regulation market is proposed in this paper. First, a coordination scheme for DSES and VPP through ESA is proposed. Second, a state of charge (SoC) consistency-based flexibility aggregation method is established to determine an intuitive feasible region for the energy storage cluster and simplify interactions between ESA and VPP. Then, an SoC-consistent power disaggregation method, based on the geometric water-filling algorithm, is developed to effectively control DSES units in tracking VPP scheduling. Finally, case studies demonstrate that the proposed models significantly enhance VPP operations and profitability for both ESA and VPP, with DSES units more accurately tracking real-time VPP scheduling under normal and contingency conditions.