Robust Behaviour of Cobalt Free Lithium Ion Battery for Electric Vehicle Applications

This paper aims to compare the performance characteristics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on cobalt oxide (CO) and nickel cobalt oxide (NCO) under various operating conditions, focusing on key parameters such as lifespan, thermal stability, internal resistance, and energy efficiency. The investigation highlights that CO-based LIBs exhibit lower load currents (IL) during charging due to higher internal resistance, reduced thermal stability, and a shorter lifespan, with a terminal voltage range of 4.24V to 3.35V. In contrast, NCO-based LIBs demonstrate superior performance with an extended voltage range (4.5V to 3.25V), enhanced thermal management, and higher energy efficiency. Additionally, NCO-based batteries offer an improved cycle life, a slightly lower State of Charge (SoC) of 96.87%, and minimal temperature fluctuations (304.45K to 293.12K). The findings underscore the advantages of NCO-based LIBs for high-performance and sustainable energy storage applications.