Artifact Seeker Bot: The Multitasking Archaeological Robot Using IOT Technology

Archaeological excavations are intricate processes requiring precision, efficiency, and safety particularly in confined or hazardous environments. This paper presents the Artifact-Seeking Bot, a wireless robotic system designed to autonomously detect metal artifacts while minimizing human intervention. The robot is powered by an ESP32 microcontroller for Bluetooth-based manual control, an L298N motor driver for efficient motor operation, and a metal detection sensor for accurate localization of buried objects. It integrates an electric trenching mechanism and a robotic arm, enabling precise excavation and secure artifact retrieval. To ensure stable performance, the system utilizes monolithic integrated circuits such as the LM2596, which provide efficient power management through a step-down switching regulator with excellent line and load regulation. Additionally, a 620×480-pixel surveillance camera is included for real-time navigation and monitoring, enhancing situational awareness and operational accuracy. Extensive testing has demonstrated the robot’s capability to effectively detect metal objects, excavate soil under various conditions, and recover artifacts intact. By incorporating advanced technologies into a compact and robust design, the Artifact-Seeking Bot offers a practical solution for improving the safety and efficiency of archaeological research. This innovation lays the foundation for future advancements in robotic applications within archaeology and beyond.