IEEE 802.1X Authentication and Security Mechanisms in Modern Networks

IEEE 802.1X is a key component of modern network security, offering a robust framework for port-based access control in Ethernet networks. We are conducting a detailed study on IEEE 802.1X authentication and security mechanisms, detailing its architecture, core components, and the authentication processes involved. It also investigates the role of the Extensible Authentication Protocol and Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service, both of which are integral to its operation. RADIUS, as a centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting protocol, has gained preference due to its scalability, flexibility, and compatibility with various authentication methods. The paper highlights a detailed analysis of the authentication protocols used in IEEE 802.1X, including password-based, token-based, and certificate-based authentication methods, as well as the classification of EAP methods. By examining the evolution and key changes across versions of IEEE 802.1X, the paper also compares IEEE 802.1X with other enterprise-grade solutions such as WPA2-Enterprise and WPA3-Enterprise. Security challenges such as man-in-the-middle and denial-of-service attacks are explored, along with practical implementations, optimizations, and enhancements, including integration with Software Defined Networks, OAuth, and virtual network functions. Finally, the paper provides insights into performance analyses and real-world use cases from enterprise environments, offering a comprehensive view of IEEE 802.1X’s role in modern network infrastructures.