A primary frequency regulation control strategy for PEM fuel cell considering physical factors

With the decreasing inertia of microgrid and the increasing grid-connection capacity of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), this study proposes an innovative primary frequency regulation (PFR) control strategy based on improved sliding mode control (ISMC) technique tailored for PEMFC to explore its PFR capability. Firstly, a refined dynamic model is established considering the temperature, pressure, and electrochemical characteristics of the PEMFC. Secondly, an ISMC-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is proposed to address the issue of the maximum power point (MPP) deviation caused by physical factors considering powercurrent operation characteristics of the PEMFC. Thirdly, an ISMC-based PFR control strategy considering temperature variations is devised to fully exploit the PFR capability of the PEMFC by adjusting the sliding mode surface. In addition, the coupling model of the temperature control system and pressure control system of the PEMFC with PFR control strategy is constructed, and the influence of the temperature control system and pressure control system of the PEMFC on frequency regulation performance is analyzed. Finally, the frequency regulation feasibility and effectiveness of the PEMFC and the proposed control strategy are verified by constructing an IEEE-13 bus microgrid test system.