Comparison of Transient Analysis of Heat Loss in Silicon and Perovskite Solar Cells through Coupled Optical-Electrical-Thermal 3-D Modeling Using COMSOL

In this paper, we presented a comparative and comprehensive analysis of heat generation and dissipation in a typical perovskite solar cell and an amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cell through a coupled optical-electrical-thermal 3D simulation strategy using COMSOL Multiphysics. While initial simulations utilized steady-state conditions at 293.15 K, transient analysis was subsequently employed, using temperature profiles generated by the heat transfer module as initial conditions for the semiconductor and wave optics modules. This approach enabled us to capture the dynamic evolution of thermal behavior, highlighting the interplay between thermalization, non-radiative recombination, and joule heating over time. The results revealed how transient temperature variations significantly influenced heat loss mechanisms and efficiency, with the a-Si solar cell exhibiting a more pronounced degradation in efficiency due to elevated operating temperatures compared to the perovskite cell. This modeling strategy emphasizes the importance of dynamic thermal management in enhancing solar cell performance and provides meaningful guidance on designing high-efficiency solar cells that minimize dominant heat losses and effectively handle transient thermal effects.