STEM to STEAM: Paper-based Robotics Kits for Enhancing STEAM Learning and Skills

This paper presents an innovative approach to developing small-scale robots for STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education. The project begins with designing animal-inspired paper structures that are accessible and imagination-driven. Students transform twodimensional templates into three-dimensional robotic forms through hands-on STEAM design activities, promoting holistic learning across scientific, technical, and artistic domains. The robots integrate basic electronics and UX principles to create lightweight, functional forms suited to learners’ needs. Paperbased modeling fosters creative thinking and allows students to explore spatial reasoning and mechanical concepts through interactive construction. The activity also enhances soft skills such as communication and problem-solving while supporting individualized learning. A student evaluation showed positive responses, with average satisfaction scores of 4.10 in learning effectiveness and 4.36 in user experience. This accessible, lowcost approach demonstrates the potential of integrating design, engineering, and creativity in robotics education.