A Blockchain-Powered Digital Twin Architecture for Consumer-Centric Energy Systems

This paper introduces the EU-DREAM initiative, which combines Blockchain/Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and Digital Twin (DT) to achieve secure, transparent, and consumer-centric energy services. We discuss the high-level system architecture, emphasising how DLT ensures data integrity and how DT enable real-time scenario and historical analysis with DLT integrity-certified data for users. We describe the core platform layers, detail the blockchain–digital twin integration, and present application scenarios focusing on community-scale energy trading, demand flexibility, and microgrids. We conclude with a discussion of future development steps and the challenges of ensuring privacy, scalability, and compliance with EU data regulations.