Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Wearable Electrochemical Analyses

This study details the integration of laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes with a modular multi-channel data acquisition system. LIG electrodes, consisting of four independent channels printed on a Kapton substrate, are optimized for wearable electrochemical sensing devices. The modular analog front end is designed to achieve high linearity with minimal channel-to-channel crosstalk. These attributes underline its potential for scalable, portable, and highperformance electrochemical applications. From this study we demonstrated the independent responses of four different channels made of LIG which displayed in the same solution of ferricyanide almost the same signal responses with a 9% of relative standard deviation (RSD) in accordance with literature results. We demonstrate the capability of LIG sensor to obtain a linear response against the ferricyanide concentration (4.809 $\mu \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{mM}$) and, the comparison of the cyclic voltammetry curves with a commercial instrument evidenced the similarity of signals.