Experimental Demonstration of Computational AoA Detection Using Conformal Frequency-Diverse Metasurface Antennas

Devices that detect angle-of-arrival (AoA) over a wide field of view are crucial for various applications, such as wireless communication and navigation. They are often installed on platforms with challenging mechanical and stealth constraints, such as vehicles, drones, and helmets, where traditional methods—mechanically rotating antennas or conformal arrays—tend to be bulky, heavy, and costly. A recent work has proposed a conformal frequency-diverse antenna that is designed to produce angularly diverse patterns that encode angular information into frequency sweeps. This capability allows AoA to be determined across the entire horizon using only two receiving units. This letter experimentally validates this concept, detailing the prototyping process and practical design considerations. The AoA detection capabilities of the proposed device are confirmed through experimental demonstrations. The proposed conformal metasurfaces offer an alternative hardware solution for sensing over large fields of view, with potential applications in radar sensing, situational awareness, and navigation.