Demand Response Characteristics, Modelling and Mechanisms of Distributed Adjustable Loads: a Review

The increasing proportion of renewable energy sources posts intricate challenges to the grid. Distributed adjustable loads can respond to changes in supply and demand in the system by quickly adjusting the load, ensuring a balance between supply and demand in the grid. With the construction of the new power system, the types of distributed adjustable loads are constantly enriched, and their response characteristics are various. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive analysis of distributed adjustable loads due to significant transformations in the load type, modeling and management mechanisms. Firstly, distributed adjustable loads are classified according to their definition and characteristics. Secondly, the techniques and procedures towards various load modelling are investigated. Finally, the regulatory principles and management mechanisms with respect to diverse objectives are analyzed. This study can provide reference for distributed adjustable loads in aggregation and scheduling.