Optimization of supply and demand matching in an electricity-hydrogen integrated energy system based on EV-HV flexibility

To enhance the supply-demand matching capability of the electricity-hydrogen integrated energy system (IES) in dynamic environments, this paper proposes a flexible scheduling method for an EV-HV coupled IES, treating EVs and HVs as virtual energy storage units. The contribution of vehicle loads, storage systems, and energy conversion equipment to flexibility is quantitatively analyzed. Moreover, the potential of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) flexibility is utilized to strengthen the dynamic matching of supply and demand within the system. Case studies indicate that the proposed method reduces the supply-demand deviation by 4.47% and operational costs by 17.71%. The implementation of V2G effectively decreases the system’s operational costs. With variations in V2G pricing, the minimum energy procurement cost for the system is 3567.15 CNY. The impact of different storage on system flexibility varies, and the incorporation of a hydrogen storage results in the lowest system cost, with a decrease of 0.64×10⁴ CNY. Additionally, the addition of storage consistently improves the system’s alignment of supply and demand. This method leverages the flexibility of EV-HV to enhance the coordination between supply and demand.