An Extended Single-Diode Model for Describing PV Characteristics Across a Wide Temperature Range

Solar cell arrays are essential power generation devices in high-altitude regions and outer space. It is important to develop an accurate and highly applicable model to predict their performance. This paper proposes an improved single-diode model to simulate the photovoltaic characteristics of solar cells. The model adds two temperature-dependent thermal resistances in parallel with the traditional diode to account for additional losses under high and low-temperature conditions. This model ensures applicability under both extreme temperature and high irradiance scenarios. Due to the simplified parameter structure, it is easier to identify parameters. Parameter identification is conducted using an adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm, with results compared. The findings show that the proposed extended single-diode model (ESDM) can accurately describe photovoltaic characteristics across a wide temperature range. It achieves high accuracy with fewer iterations. This model provides a useful structure for future evaluation and monitoring of solar cells.