O-Band Mode-Locked Femtosecond Praseodymium-Doped Fluoride Fiber Laser Using a Nickel Metal-Organic Framework

Mode-locked fiber lasers are particularly noteworthy due to their compactness, affordability, and reduced losses, making them an attractive option for a variety of uses. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been identified as suitable saturable absorbers (SAs) in lasers operating at 1.5- and 2 μm wavelengths [1], [2]. MOFs represent a novel class of porous solid materials formed by the combination of inorganic metal ions and organic linkers. These frameworks exhibit exceptional material properties, such as a large surface area, structural diversity, tunable bandgap, and luminescence, making them highly advantageous for various applications in laser technology. This work presents an ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser operating in the relatively less explored O-band region, utilizing a nickel MOF (Ni-MOF) as a saturable absorber.