A Batteryless UV Dose Sensor for Intelligent Food Packaging Enabled by Laser-Induced Graphene and Sustainable Materials

This study presents a novel UV dose sensor for intelligent food packaging, constructed using laser-induced graphene (LIG) and sustainable materials, for rapid and cost-effective measurements of both instantaneous and cumulative UV exposure. Integrating an ionochromic cell with a blueberry-based organic electrolyte enables it to retain the time-exposure information. This unique feature enables the sensor to memorize and visually display the degree of UV irradiation, a critical function for tracing the external conditions to which packaged food has been subjected. The device achieves exceptional sensitivity of ~ 1000%, without requiring batteries. This work provides a sustainable, efficient, and scalable solution for ensuring food safety.