Oscillator-Less Photonic Ising Machine with Digital-Nonlinearity-Based Bifurcation and Its Simulated Application to a 1 Million-Node Fully Connected Max-Cut Problem

We propose a large-scale photonic Ising machine (PIM) employing ultrafast pulse propagation in 50-km recirculating loss-less fiber loop and digital feedback nonlinearity without pulse oscillation. A 10⁶-node max-cut problem is solved with the PIM software.