Detection of Small Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations Using a Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor

This paper developed a label-free electrical sandwich method based on a novel silicon nanowire field-effect transistor biosensor (SiNW BioFET) for analyzing multiple membrane proteins of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), enabling subpopulations detection. The detection antibody's negative charge was further increased by coupling negatively charged single-stranded DNA, amplifying the electrical response upon binding to sEVs membrane proteins, thus facilitating the analysis of sEV subpopulations.