Smart Bicycle Helmet for Rider Safety with Accident Detection and Turn Indicators

The fabrication of the Smart Helmet system utilizes Arduino and ESP32 microcontroller components to create realtime hazard detection systems that protect riders on the road. The system equips a vibration sensor to spot upcoming incidents and an ultrasonic sensor to identify objects while the buzzer activates when risks approach. The ESP32 works with a GPS module that allows the system to generate precise location information during impact incidents. Through Wi-Fi the system transmits data by means of its built-in SMTP client to deliver pre-programmed recipient emails containing Google Maps location information. The device incorporates an LED turn indicator controlled by DPDT switch for safer road operations. Diesel fuel operating costs are minimal while the design maintains both reduced power usage and budget efficiency and it has potential development opportunities for solar power integration. The presented paper develops an affordable IoTbased safety system with modular design elements which shows how embedded systems together with wireless connectivity help decrease emergency response times and enhance secure cycling behaviors.