Evaluation of the Output Voltage Riple in the Forward Converter Operating in Continuous and Discontinuous Conduction Mode

DC-DC converters used in switching power supplies that are directly powered from the AC mains are typically designed with galvanic isolation, which is essential for both electrical safety and electromagnetic compatibility. One such converter is the forward converter, which can operate in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). When operating in DCM, the converter is easier to control. Therefore, when a switching power supply requires a wide range of output voltage adjustment, it is intentionally designed to function in discontinuous conduction mode.