5D Moog Ladder Structured Digital Filter: Minimal State-Space Realization

This paper outlines the minimal circuit and statespace realization for a five-dimensional (5D) ladder digital filter having the one-dimensional (1D) Moog structure and characteristics. The number of delay units and the state vector in the state-space realization are both minimal. Furthermore, in this work two first-order examples demonstrate the filter's internal structures by using simple state-space models. The first example employs a 5D circuit implementation, whereas the second is a two-dimensional (2D) filter. It is clear that the results present the minimal state-space realizations, as well as their transfer functions, which correspond to the derived generalized 5D Moog transfer function.