Power Meter Architecture with AC/DC TMR Current Sensors for Smart Grid Applications

Energy metering systems are essential for monitoring electricity consumption across various applications, including power distribution, electric vehicles, and industrial control. Current sensors, particularly Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors, offer a versatile solution capable of measuring both AC and DC currents. This paper presents the development of a TMR-based smart energy metering prototype capable of high-accuracy measurements for systems operating at low to medium voltage and current levels. Experiments have demonstrated measurement errors of less than ±1% in current, voltage, and power readings for both single-phase and three-phase models. Furthermore, this solution incorporates the ADE9000 power meter IC, enabling the calculation of multiple energy parameters.